Pharma manufacturing
India supplies ~60% of global vaccines. WHO PQ warehouses at Hyderabad, Pune, Ahmedabad. Design combines +2/+8 °C, −20 °C and increasingly −70 °C ULT for mRNA. CDSCO + WHO PQ dual validation required.
Fisheries exports
Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu shrimp export corridors. MPEDA HACCP + EU 853/2004 + BAP standard. Blast + IQF + −25 °C storage typical; port hubs at Visakhapatnam and Kochi expanding.
Subsidies & schemes
PMKSY (MOFPI): up to 35% grant on cold-chain infrastructure; NHB: 40% back-end subsidy for horticulture cold storage; APEDA: export-linked capacity building. State-level top-ups in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra.
Power & cost
Grid tariffs vary by state (₹6–12/kWh industrial). Open-access solar PPAs unlock ₹3.5–4.5/kWh for large cold hubs. Rooftop PV standard for warehouses >5,000 m².
Frequently asked
Can I export vaccines produced in India to Africa via UNICEF/GAVI?
Yes if the manufacturer holds WHO PQ. Cold-chain to UNICEF supply division requires end-to-end validated +2/+8 °C traceability.
Is R290 (propane) allowed for cold storage in India?
Yes for charges up to defined limits under BIS/PESO safety codes; standard for small/medium display cases and now growing in industrial low-charge applications.
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